Critical Waterways Improvement Act of 1983

Critical Waterways Improvement Act of 1983 - Directs the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, to construct: (1) a lock and dam (to be called Grays Landing) to replace lock and dam numbered 7, Monongahela River, Pennsylvania; and (2) a lock and abutment (to be called Point Marion lock) to replace the lock and abutment at lock and dam numbered 8, Monongahela River, Pennsylvania. Requires construction of such projects to be carried out on an expedited basis and according to specified recommendations.

Authorizes and directs the Secretary, acting through the Chief of Engineers, to rehabilitate the Gallipolis Dam and to replace the Gallipolis locks on the Ohio River, Ohio and West Virginia, according to specified recommendations. Directs the Secretary to mitigate fish and wildlife habitat losses resulting from such construction by purchasing, at Federal expense, specified land. Authorizes the Secretary to transfer such land to the State of West Virginia for operation and maintenance.

Authorizes the Secretary, acting through the Chief of Engineers, to construct a specified multipurpose lock and dam project to replace the William Bacon Oliver lock and dam, Black Warrior River, Alabama.

Authorizes the Secretary, acting through the Chief of Engineers, to replace the Winfield locks on the Kanawha River, West Virginia.

Establishes procedures for the submission of final environmental impact statements to Congress for the navigation projects authorized by this Act. Sets forth procedures concerning the judicial review of such environmental impact statements.

Authorizes appropriations.