Universal Telephone Service Act of 1983

Universal Telephone Service Act of 1983 - Invalidates a specified decision of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) relating to exchange access charges. Directs the FCC to reinstate the applicable rules and procedures in effect immediately before the effective date of such decision.

Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to direct the FCC to establish a system of charges to compensate exchange common carriers for exchange access. Declares that the purpose of such charges shall be to preserve basic universal telephone service.

Requires that a universal telephone service fund be established to compensate carriers for the costs of basic telephone service which exceed 110 percent of the national average of such costs. Requires uniform surcharges to be collected on the exchange access charges from all interexchange (long-distance) carriers and other interstate interexchange customers interconnecting with exchange (local) carriers directly or indirectly.

Directs the FCC to ensure that the imposition of access charges and surcharges do not competitively disadvantage exchange carriers or those persons who interconnect with exchange carriers. Directs the FCC to impose a charge upon persons who transmit telecommunications but do not interconnect with exchange carriers.

Requires carriers providing terminal equipment on the date of enactment of this legislation to continue to provide such equipment to customers under tariffs enforced as of such date until the equipment is fully depreciated. Permits customers to purchase such equipment for a price fixed by a State commission.