Medicare Fraud Prevention and Enforcement Act of 2009

Medicare Fraud Prevention and Enforcement Act of 2009 - Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to conduct an additional site inspection for each applicable items or services provider that applies for a provider number.

Sets forth rules for the Secretary to conduct a background check on any individual or entity that applies for a Medicare provider number.

Directs the Secretary to establish procedures for the registration of all applicant billing agencies and individuals. Requires the Secretary to assign a unique identification number to each registered agency and individual, which must appear on every claim for Medicare reimbursement.

Amends SSA title XI to allow the Secretary to exclude from participation in any federal health care program any billing agency or individual that knowingly submitted or caused to be submitted a claim for Medicare reimbursement that it knows or should know is false or fraudulent.

Requires that the information in the health integrity protection database (HIPDB) to be available to certain health care providers, suppliers, or practitioners as well as utilization and quality control peer review organizations and accreditation entities.

Amends SSA title XVIII to require Medicare administrative contracts to require contractor reimbursements to the Secretary for amounts paid to excluded providers.

Revises criteria for community mental health centers.

Amends SSA titles XI and XVIII to deny a discharge in bankruptcy to civil monetary penalties for fraudulent activities by a health care provider or supplier, overpayments to service providers under Medicare part A and of benefits under Medicare part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance), and past-due obligations arising from breach of a scholarship or loan contract.

Amends SSA title XI to prescribe a criminal penalty for illegal distribution of a Medicare or Medicaid beneficiary identification or provider number with intent to defraud.

Amends the federal criminal code to: (1) prescribe criminal penalties for knowing, unauthorized use of information in the HIPDB; and (2) provide for the treatment of certain acts involving federal health care programs federal health care offenses.

Authorizes any criminal investigator of the Office of Inspector General of HHS to: (1) obtain and execute any warrant or other process issued under federal authority; and (2) make warrantless arrests in specified circumstances.

Requires all claims forms developed or used by the Secretary for Medicare reimbursement to accommodate the use of universal product numbers (UPNs, or bar codes) for a UPN-covered item, and all claims for such an item to contain the UPN.