Extremely Hazardous Materials Rail Transportation Act of 2005

Extremely Hazardous Materials Rail Transportation Act of 2005 - Directs the Secretary of Homeland Security to prescribe regulations that coordinate the efforts of Federal, State, and local agencies to prevent terrorist acts and respond to emergencies that may occur in connection with the transportation by rail of extremely hazardous materials. Defines extremely hazardous material as material that is toxic by inhalation, extremely flammable, highly explosive, a high-level radioactive waste, or otherwise designated by the Secretary.

Requires the Secretary, in prescribing the regulations, to compile a list of area of concern communities, including those through or near which the rail transportation of extremely hazardous materials poses a serious risk to the public health and safety.

Directs the Secretary to prescribe by regulation standards for ensuring the safety and physical integrity of pressurized rail tank cars used to transport extremely hazardous materials.

Requires the Secretary to report to Congress on the safety and security of, and the threat posed by acts of terrorism to, the transportation by rail of extremely hazardous materials.

Sets forth whistleblower protections for persons involved in the transportation of extremely hazardous materials. Sets forth civil penalties for violations of this Act.