To provide for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to authorize appropriations for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and for other purposes.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Act - Re-establishes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the Department of Commerce, headed by the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere who will serve as the Administrator of NOAA.

Establishes within NOAA the positions of: (1) Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere; (2) Deputy Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere; (3) Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere; (4) Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Affairs; (5) Deputy Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology; and (6) General Counsel.

Places within NOAA: (1) the National Weather Service; (2) operational and service programs to support routine data collection and direct services and products regarding satellite, observations, and coastal, ocean, and Great Lakes information; (3) programs to conduct and support research and education and the development of technologies relating to weather, climate, and the coasts, oceans, and Great Lakes; and (4) a Science Advisory Board.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Authorization Act of 2004 - Authorizes appropriations for FY 2005 through 2007 for NOAA for: (1) program support; (2) the National Ocean Service; (3) the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; (4) the National Weather Service; (5) the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service; and (6) the Office of Program Planning and Integration.

Coastal Ocean Science Program Act of 2004 - Establishes within NOAA a Coastal Ocean Science Program (replacing the Coastal Ocean Program) that supports Great Lakes, estuarine, and coastal ocean research and assessment through competitive, peer-reviewed research programs.

Marine Research Act - Directs the President to coordinate and support a national marine research program. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to establish a Marine Research Initiative to coordinate and implement NOAA research and activities related to the program.

Ocean and Coastal Observation Systems Act - Directs the President to establish and maintain an integrated ocean and coastal observing system of marine monitoring, data communication and management, data analysis, and research to provide data and information for rapid and timely detection and prediction of changes occurring in the marine environment that impact the Nation's social, economic, and ecological systems.

Abrupt Climate Change Research Act of 2004 - Directs the Secretary of Commerce to establish within NOAA and carry out a scientific research program on abrupt climate change.

United States Weather Research Program Act of 2004 - Declares that the United States Weather Research Program's focus shall be on: (1) hurricanes, floods, and heavy precipitation, including both snow and rain; (2) dramatic improvement in weather forecasts; (3) providing attention and resources in areas where progress can be made quickly and where the impact will be the greatest; and (4) making research grants to universities and other research institutions.