National Biological Diversity Conservation and Environmental Research Act

National Biological Diversity Conservation and Environmental Research Act - Declares that the conservation of biological diversity is a national goal.

Requires the Council on Environmental Quality to: (1) prepare a coordinated Federal strategy for the conservation of biological diversity; and (2) issue guidance to Federal agencies regarding biological diversity impact assessment. Sets forth required elements of the strategy.

Requires the Council to identify the Federal agencies that conduct programs having a significant impact on biological diversity. Directs such agencies to: (1) review their actions and programs biennially for consistency with the Federal strategy; and (2) report the results of such reviews to the Council. Requires the Council to review such reports biennially and report to the Congress on the consistency of Federal programs with the strategy.

Establishes a National Center for Biological Diversity and Conservation Research within the Smithsonian Institution. Requires the Center to: (1) identify gaps in the understanding of biological diversity and develop a plan for filling such gaps; (2) provide funds for projects to contribute to implementation of the plan; (3) provide information to the Council in preparation of the Federal strategy; (4) develop a plan for the establishment of a clearinghouse; (5) prepare lists and, where appropriate, maps of biotic populations that are of special concern, areas of outstanding ecological or biotic importance, and factors affecting the protection of such populations; and (6) publish information that synthesizes information relevant to national goals of conserving biological diversity. Establishes a Board of Trustees for the Center.

Requires the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service to: (1) identify species and types of natural communities of special concern; and (2) periodically notify Federal agencies of such communities and species for use by such agencies in making environmental assessments.

Directs the Secretary of the Interior to establish a program of grants for: (1) persons conducting biological diversity inventories to enhance the ability of such programs to monitor data on the status, distribution, and trends of terrestrial and aquatic species and natural communities; and (2) other persons with experience in providing such data for use in land management decisions. Limits the Federal share of grant activities to 75 percent of the total cost.

Requires the Secretary to identify: (1) the types of natural communities native to the United States; (2) the types of communities that do not occur in at least three protected areas of sufficient size to maintain populations of the species of plants and animals associated with such communities; (3) the types of communities that are especially rich in terms of the number of native species they contain; and (4) the location on Federal lands of communities identified under (2) and (3). Directs the Secretary to: (1) provide notice of such identification to the Federal agency having authority over such lands; and (2) advise the agency with respect to management actions to maintain viable populations of species associated with such communities and ensure the long-term sustainability of such communities. Prohibits lands from being considered as protected areas unless the lands are: (1) managed primarily for the purpose of maintaining viable populations of native plants and animals and self-sustaining natural communities; and (2) subject to permanent land use restrictions to ensure the maintenance of viable populations of such plants, animals, and communities.

Authorizes appropriations.