AIDS Prevention Act of 1990

AIDS Prevention Act of 1990 - Title I: Preventive Health Services with Respect to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - Amends the Public Health Service Act to create a new title on preventive health services with respect to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services, through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration, to make allotments to States, and authorizes the Secretary, through the Director and the Administrator, to make grants to public and nonprofit private entities who have Medicaid provider status and who meet other requirements, for outpatient preventive health services relating to AIDS for: (1) counseling; (2) testing, including testing for infection, testing regarding the extent of deficiency in the immune system, testing relating to preventing and treating deterioration of the immune system, and testing relating to preventing and treating conditions arising from the infection; and (3) providing therapeutic measures.

Requires information regarding the receipt of services to be kept confidential in a manner not inconsistent with applicable law.

Requires counseling and written informed consent prior to testing. Allows: (1) use of a pseudonym in signing a consent form; and (2) consent to be given orally when an individual is to undergo testing without providing any identifying information.

Requires counseling before testing and, for both individuals with negative and individuals with positive results, after testing. Requires that opportunities be made available for individuals (including women, children, hemophiliacs, and emergency response employees) to undergo counseling under conditions appropriate to their needs. Allows counseling without testing.

Requires that testing by grant recipients for infection be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this Act regarding confidentiality, informed consent, and counseling regardless of whether the testing is carried out with Federal funds.

Requires grant recipients who regularly provide treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, who regularly provide treatment for intravenous substance abuse, who are family planning clinics, who provide treatment for tuberculosis, or who regularly provide health care for pregnant women offer and encourage preventive health services to individuals to whom the recipient provides services. Requires that a grant recipient who regularly provides health care for pregnant women in a geographic area in which there is a grantee, under provisions of this Act relating to demonstration grants for research and services for pediatric patients regarding AIDS, provide a referral to that grantee for any pregnant women infected with the etiologic agent. Requires recipients to offer, encourage, and provide preventive health services as required under this paragraph only to the extent that the amount of the grant is sufficient to pay costs.

Authorizes the Secretary to make grants to hospitals for offering, encouraging, and providing preventive health services to inpatients. Requires that a hospital have admitted a minimum number of individuals with AIDS and that such individuals make up a minimum percentage of admissions in order to receive a grant. Requires offering, encouraging, and providing such services only to the extent that the amount of the grant is sufficient to pay costs. Authorizes appropriations.

Requires a State grant recipient to: (1) encourage individuals in the State receiving a transfusion of whole blood or a blood clotting factor between January 1, 1977, and April 1, 1985, to receive preventive health services; and (2) inform such individuals of public health facilities in the geographic area that provide such services. Declares that individual notifications are not required.

Requires a State grant recipient to require that any entity carrying out such testing confidentially report to the State public health officer information sufficient to: (1) perform statistical and epidemiological analyses of the incidence of infection; (2) perform statistical and epidemiological analyses of the demographic characteristics of infected individuals; and (3) assess the adequacy of preventive health services. Requires a State grant recipient to require that the State public health officer, to the extent appropriate in the determination of the officer, carry out a program of partner notification with respect to infection.

Mandates that States prohibit acts which knowingly expose nonconsenting other individuals to the etiologic agent through a donation of blood, semen, or breast milk, through sexual activity, through sharing of hypodermic needles, or through any behavior with the intent to expose another nonconsenting person. Requires that States authorize a civil cause of action and a criminal penalty for violation of these prohibitions.

Authorizes the Secretary to make grants to States for preventive health services to individuals sentenced by the State to imprisonment. Requires matching non-Federal contributions in specified ratios.

Mandates that States: (1) require testing of prisoners upon entering the State penal system and during the 30-day period before release; (2) inform any penal system employee, on request of the employee, if the employee has a reasonable basis for believing that the employee may have been exposed by an individual to the etiologic agent, of that individual's test results; (3) inform the spouse of the individual prior to each conjugal visit and prior to release; and (4) inform each prisoner of the testing and disclosure requirements and of the results of their testing. Requires all prison employees and such spouses to be informed of the availability of the test results. Requires confidentiality of test results, except for the disclosure authorized in these provisions and disclosures as medically necessary.

Applies the prison testing requirements only to prisons meeting requirements relating to the prevalence of infection with the etiologic agent or, in the absence of infection data, the prevalence of cases of AIDS in the geographic area in which inmates of the prison involved resided before incarceration.

Authorizes appropriations for the prison testing grants.

Requires that, to the extent permitted under State law, grant recipients offer substantial opportunities for an individual to undergo counseling and testing without giving any identifying information or using a pseudonym.

Prohibits requiring an individual to undergo testing as a condition to receiving other health services unless the testing is medically indicated in the provision of the health services sought by an individual.

Limits the imposition of fees for preventive health services under this Act.

Authorizes appropriations.

Requires that counseling programs carried out under this Act: (1) not be designed to promote or encourage, directly, intravenous drug abuse or sexual activity, homosexual or heterosexual; (2) be designed to reduce exposure to and transmission of the etiologic agent for AIDS by providing accurate information; and (3) provide information on the health risks of promiscuous sexual activity and intravenous drug abuse.

Title II: Emergency Relief for Areas with Substantial Need for Services - Directs the Secretary, through the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration, to make grants in any metropolitan statistical area (eligible area), as specified by the Secretary, that meets certain requirements, including that it has: (1) reported more than 2,000 AIDS cases; or (2) a per capita cumulative incidence of at least 0.0025. Requires that the grants be made only to the chief elected official of the city, urban county, or other political subdivision that administers the public health agency serving the greatest proportion of individuals with AIDS in the eligible area. Requires that the grants be used for community-based services to: (1) enhance the quality of services to low income individuals and families with HIV disease; (2) deliver outpatient and ambulatory care services, including case management, to such individuals and families, including comprehensive treatment and support services; (3) prevent unnecessary inpatient hospitalization; and (4) expedite the provision of services in the most medically appropriate level.

Requires that political subdivision grant recipients agree to provide services only through clinics, sub-acute care facilities, community health centers, community mental health centers, hospices, or ambulatory care facilities, or other entities that: (1) provide health care to a disproportionate share of low-income individuals and families with HIV disease; (2) incur uncompensated costs in providing such care; and (3) with regard to services covered by Medicaid, have Medicaid provider status.

Requires the administering local political subdivision (ALPS) to establish: (1) a mechanism to allocate funds and services based on the proportion of AIDS cases and the severity of need of the subdivisions; and (2) an HIV health services planning council. Requires such chief elected official to provide for the council, either by establishing it directly or by designating an existing entity to serve as the council.

Provides, at specified times, that one-half of funds appropriated for the grants be used for regular grants and one-half be used for supplemental grants.

Requires, in order to receive a grant, that an eligible area submit an application containing, among other elements, an assurance that agencies and institutions in the area that will receive grant funds will be participants in an established HIV community-based continuum of care.

Authorizes appropriations.

Title III: Emergency Response Employees - Directs the Secretary to make grants to States and their political subdivisions to assist in the implementation of Federal law mandating the dissemination of guidelines to emergency response employees (EREs) regarding reducing the risk in the workplace of becoming infected with the etiologic agent for AIDS and circumstances under which exposure may occur. Authorizes appropriations.

Requires a medical facility to notify the designated officer of the transporting EREs if the facility determines that a victim the EREs transported to the facility has an infectious disease. Requires a medical facility, upon request of a designated officer of EREs, to notify the designated officer if the facility makes a determination that a victim transported by EREs has an infectious disease. Applies notification requirements to both the facility receiving the victim and, if the victim dies, to the facility ascertaining the cause of death.

Sets forth notification procedures. Requires that the public health officer of each State designate one official of each employer of EREs to make requests and receive notifications. Provides for notification of EREs and for requests from an ERE to a designated officer that the designated officer request notification from the medical facility.

Declares that the provisions in this Act regarding notification of EREs will not be construed to authorize or require: (1) a medical facility to test a victim of an emergency for any infectious disease; (2) any medical facility, any designated officer, or any ERE to make disclosures with respect to the identity of a victim or an ERE; or (3) failure to respond, or denial of services.

Provides for enforcement through injunctions.

Title IV: Health Care Services - Directs the Secretary, through the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration, to make grants for demonstration projects to provide comprehensive treatment services for individuals infected with the etiologic agent for AIDS. Authorizes appropriations.

Directs the Secretary, through the Administrator, to make grants to States to assist in purchasing and distributing certain AIDS-related drugs. Authorizes appropriations.

Directs the Secretary, through the Administrator and the Director of the National Institutes of Health, to make demonstration grants to community health centers and other entities that provide primary health care to the public for: (1) conducting clinical research on therapies for pediatric patients infected with the etiologic agent; and (2) providing outpatient health care for pediatric patients who participate in such research and their families. Requires grant recipients to provide case management, referrals, and incidental services such as transportation and child care necessary to enable the patient and family to participate. Authorizes appropriations.

Title V: Certain Definitions - Sets forth definitions for purposes of the new title of the Public Health Service Act, on preventive health services with respect to AIDS, as added by this Act.

Title VI: General Provisions - Mandates a study relating to the incidence of AIDS and infection with the etiologic agent for AIDS in rural areas, and the adequacy of related diagnostic and treatment services in such areas.