Emerging Democracies Act of 1990

Emerging Democracies Act of 1990 - Title I: Fiscal Year 1990 Supplemental Assistance - Authorizes supplemental appropriations for assistance to Panama for FY 1990. Earmarks specified amounts of such assistance for: (1) development assistance; (2) private sector and public investment revitalization; (3) payments of arrearages to international financial institutions; and (4) public administration, administration of justice, and law enforcement training, education, and equipment (includes assistance for other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean). Permits only nonlethal law enforcement equipment to be provided to Panama. Makes limitations on the amount of assistance for law enforcement and the administration of justice under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 inapplicable to assistance provided under this Act.

Sets forth reprogramming and notification procedures for specified assistance provided under this title.

Commends the Endara government for freezing Panamanian bank accounts implicated in narcotics-related and other illegal financial transactions and notes the willingness of such government to enter into negotiations for information sharing on such transactions.

Deems Panama to be one of the "highest priority" countries under the International Narcotics Control Act of 1988 for purposes of negotiations concerning laundering of U.S. currency.

Prohibits more than 50 percent of funds appropriated for Panama from being expended until the Secretary of the Treasury has reported to the Congress that Panama is negotiating in good faith to reach an agreement for exchanging records with respect to international currency transactions in connection with narcotics investigations.

Permits the President to make a bilateral assistance certification under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (related to countries cooperating with respect to narcotic traffic and money laundering) for Panama for FY 1991 only if an agreement has been signed by the United States and Panama that provides for mutual access to financial transaction and bank records for purposes of drug law enforcement proceedings.

Waives provisions of law which prohibit assistance to countries in default on loan repayments to the United States with respect to assistance to Panama and Nicaragua under this Act.

Authorizes supplemental appropriations for assistance to Nicaragua for FY 1990. Earmarks specified amounts of such assistance for: (1) the Nicaraguan economy; (2) payments of arrearages to international financial institutions; and (3) the voluntary demobilization, repatriation, and resettlement of members of the Nicaraguan Resistance and their families (subject to certain conditions) and of refugees and displaced persons.

Repeals a provision of law prohibiting assistance for victims of civil strife from being channeled through the Nicaraguan Government.

Permits assistance to Nicaragua to be used for law enforcement training and services.

Authorizes the suspension of assistance to Nicaragua if: (1) there is not a peaceful and complete transition from the existing Sandinista government to the elected Government of Nicaragua; or (2) it is in U.S. interests to suspend such assistance.

Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should work toward an orderly, peaceful, and complete transfer of power to the duly elected Government of Nicaragua.

Earmarks a specified amount of funds made available under this Act for administrative expenses of the Agency for International Development (AID).

Authorizes supplemental appropriations for FY 1990 assistance to Haiti for election assistance and the financing of critical imports. Permits anti-terrorism assistance to be provided to Haiti for FY 1990. Makes the provision of such assistance subject to the conditions of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990, except for the requirement that Haiti restore its 1987 Constitution.

Authorizes supplemental appropriations for assistance to the Caribbean for FY 1990. Earmarks a specified amount of such assistance for the Eastern Caribbean.

Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 to increase the amount authorized to be appropriated for migration and refugee assistance for FY 1990.

Amends the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 to raise the limit on the amount authorized to be appropriated for the U.S. Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund. Provides for the transfer of excess amounts in the Fund for: (1) the reimbursement of State and local governments for expenses incurred with respect to migrants; (2) assistance to the African-American Hebrew community in Israel; and (3) a U.S. contribution to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East.

Authorizes supplemental appropriations for FY 1990 for Namibia to finance budgetary support and development activities. Earmarks a specified amount of such assistance for an AID mission in Namibia.

Authorizes supplemental appropriations for FY 1990 for economic and development assistance for Subsaharan Africa.

Expresses the sense of the Congress that as of the date Namibia became self-governing, the definition of South Africa in the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 ceased to apply to Namibia.

Authorizes supplemental appropriations for FY 1990 for assistance to encourage negotiations for a peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa. Provides that assistance shall only be available for organizations committed to a suspension of violence in the context of such negotiations.

Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the issuance of guaranties to eligible investors to assure against losses incurred in connection with loans made for housing projects for immigrants in Israel.

Authorizes the Director of the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) to make grants to the Claude and Mildred Pepper Scholarship Program of the Washington Workshops Foundation to enable foreign students to study the workings of the U.S. Government. Authorizes appropriations.

Title II: Assistance for Eastern Europe - Amends the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 to make eligible for SEED benefits any Eastern European country taking steps toward: (1) political pluralism and economic reform; (2) respect for human rights; and (3) a willingness to build a friendly relationship with the United States. (Currently, most SEED programs target Hungary and Poland.)

Extends specified structural adjustment, debt reduction, and stabilization assistance to such countries.

Authorizes the AID Administrator to provide assistance to support private sector development in Eastern Europe and U.S. participation in capital projects.

Extends technical assistance and training for labor market transition to eligible Eastern European countries.

Requires AID to develop a Free Enterprise Corps to extend U.S. business and management expertise to Eastern Europe to assist in the development of private enterprise. Requires the Corps to provide technical assistance to private enterprises, provided that the host country government and the beneficiary enterprise make matching contributions with respect to such assistance.

Extends assistance for the development of Peace Corps and Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) programs and credit unions to eligible Eastern European countries. Applies provisions governing the use of Polish currency generated by agricultural assistance to local Eastern European currencies generated by such assistance.

Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to extend OPIC programs in such countries and to increase the amount available for loans from OPIC's Direct Investment Fund.

Expresses the sense of the Congress that the ceiling provided in the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 on OPIC's loan guaranty program should be increased to permit the expansion of such program into eligible Eastern European countries.

Amends the SEED Act of 1989 to extend Export-Import Bank programs to Czechoslovakia.

Revises provisions concerning the Trade Credit Insurance Program for Poland to permit guarantees under such Program to be provided only for short- and intermediate-term guarantees and insurance.

Extends Trade and Development Program activities to eligible Eastern European countries.

Urges the President to seek bilateral investment treaties with eligible Eastern European countries to establish a legal framework for U.S. investment in such countries.

Extends educational and cultural exchange programs and the scholarship partnership program to eligible Eastern European countries.

Declares that the USIA Director should consider establishing a program to provide fellowships to U.S. citizens for assisting Eastern European countries in acquiring skills necessary for the transition to democratic, free-market systems.

Authorizes the AID Administrator to use funds available for the scholarship partnership program for scholarships to enable Eastern European students to study at American institutions of higher education in Europe.

Extends assistance for the support of democratic institutions and environmental protection activities to eligible Eastern European countries.

Requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to offer assistance to Hungary for the restoration of the Danube River at the site of the canceled Nagymaros Dam.

Applies specified provisions concerning industrial equipment assessment and investments in energy efficiency to eligible Eastern European countries.

Declares that the possibilities for the conversion to public lands and wildlife areas of undeveloped lands between Eastern and Western European borders should be explored.

Directs Federal agencies responsible for administering specified SEED agricultural and technical assistance programs to submit environmental impact statements with respect to such programs. Requires entities involved in private enterprise development in Eastern Europe to establish environmental assessment and sustainable agriculture requirements for their activities.

Revises provisions concerning medical assistance to Poland to make funds available for medical training, health care planning, and the improvement of health care in eligible Eastern European countries.

Authorizes the provision of assistance to support the infrastructure for a housing sector in eligible Eastern European countries.

Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to raise the limit on the amount authorized for housing investment guarantees to permit the expansion of the guaranty program into eligible Eastern European countries.

Earmarks a specified amount of SEED funds for United Nations Population Fund and International Planned Parenthood Federation activities in Romania (provided that Romania is an eligible Eastern European country).

Redesignates the SEED Information Center System as the Eastern European Business Information Center System. Requires the System to develop special information on business opportunities in the communications, broadcasting, and information field for use by U.S. industry and the SEED Program coordinator.

Applies provisions encouraging voluntary assistance to Poland and Hungary to all eligible Eastern European countries.

Urges the President to assign additional Foreign Service members to Eastern Europe.

Revises reporting requirements.

Authorizes the President to suspend or reduce SEED assistance to an Eastern European country if he reports to the Congress that such country is restricting the transit through that country of Jews or other ethnic or religious groups emigrating from the Soviet Union.

Authorizes additional appropriations for FY 1991 for specified SEED programs.

Sets forth provisions concerning the reallocation of SEED funds.

Permits funds authorized to be appropriated for specified SEED programs to be appropriated by the annual Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act.

Authorizes additional appropriations for FY 1991 for Trade and Development Program activities in eligible Eastern European countries.

Raises the ceiling on the amount of SEED funds available for AID administrative expenses.

Amends the American Aid to Poland Act of 1988 and the Agricultural Act of 1949 to apply provisions concerning the use of proceeds from the sale of agricultural commodities in Poland by nongovernmental entities to Polish governmental agencies.

Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 to increase the amount authorized to be appropriated for FY 1991 for Soviet-East European research and training.

Amends the Soviet-Eastern European Research and Training Act of 1983 to revise a specified reporting requirement and to repeal a provision which terminates the Soviet-East European research and training program on a specified date.

Title III: Foreign Assistance Authorization Legislation - Enacts H.R. 2655 (the International Cooperation Act of 1989) as passed by the House of Representatives on June 29, 1989, with the exception of specified provisions superseded by this Act.

Provides that titles I through VI of such Act shall take effect during FY 1991.

Title IV: Development Fund for Africa - Development Fund for Africa Act - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to provide assistance for long-term development in Subsaharan Africa. Provides that the purpose of such assistance is to help the poor majority of Subsaharan Africans to participate in development through economic growth that is equitable, participatory, environmentally sustainable, and self-reliant.

Requires AID to take into account the local-level perspective of poor Subsaharan Africans during the planning process for project and program assistance. Declares that AID should make available funds for private and voluntary organizations which have demonstrated effectiveness in, or a commitment to, the promotion of local activities on behalf of development in Subsaharan Africa. Provides for the participation and integration of African women in such development activities.

Requires such assistance to emphasize projects to address critical sectoral priorities for long-term development. Designates such priorities as: (1) increased agricultural production and the maintenance and restoration of renewable natural resources; (2) improved health conditions; (3) increased access to voluntary family planning services; (4) improved relevance, equity, and efficiency of education; and (5) the development of income-generating opportunities for the unemployed and underemployed. Imposes minimum levels of assistance for certain critical sectors.

Requires the assistance to be concentrated in countries that will make the most effective use of such assistance.

Sets forth uses for local currencies generated by assistance. Permits funds made available under this Act to be used to assist Subsaharan African countries in increasing their capacity to participate in donor coordination mechanisms. Provides that it is U.S. policy that such funds are not used by a country to repay loans, with exceptions.

Sets forth transfer authorities and reprogramming notifications with respect to such funds.

Permits such funds to be used to assist specified sector projects supported by the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC).

Expresses the sense of the Congress that the authorization of appropriations to carry out this Act should be extended whenever appropriate.

Authorizes the AID Administrator to transfer a specified amount of funds to increase AID resources for development activities in Subsaharan Africa.

Title V: Other Foreign Assistance Provisions - Authorizes appropriations for assistance to Nicaragua for FY 1991. Earmarks specified amounts of such assistance for: (1) restoring the productive capacity of the Nicaraguan economy; and (2) long-term economic growth and development.

Sets forth reallocation and notification procedures with respect to such assistance.

Permits such assistance to be used for the training of Nicaraguan law enforcement personnel by the Office of Security of the Department of State.

Authorizes additional appropriations for economic and foreign military financing assistance for Andean countries for FY 1991. Requires the military assistance to be used to control illicit narcotics production and trafficking. Permits the provision of military assistance to an Andean country only if such country has a democratic government and the country's armed forces do not engage in a consistent pattern of human rights violations.

Authorizes the provision of assistance to an Andean country only if the President determines that such country is implementing programs to reduce the flow of cocaine to the United States in accordance with a formal agreement.

Sets forth congressional notification procedures with respect to such assistance.

Applies a specified human rights reporting requirement with respect to Andean countries for which assistance is being proposed.

Waives provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 which prohibit assistance to countries in default on loan payments to the United States with respect to narcotics-related assistance to Andean countries.

Authorizes additional appropriations for FY 1991 for international narcotics control and antiterrorism assistance.

Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize appropriations for assistance (except military assistance) to emerging democracies or countries with democratic governments emerging from civil strife. Permits the President to transfer funds for such uses without regard to a specified limitation on the transfer of funds between accounts.

Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 to increase the amount authorized to be appropriated for migration and refugee assistance for FY 1991. Earmarks a specified amount of such assistance for reimbursement of State and local governments for expenses incurred with respect to migrants. Provides for the transfer of excess amounts in the Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund to such governments for such reimbursements.

Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 to increase the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the Inter-American Foundation.

Declares that the following policies should govern U.S. assistance for Haiti: (1) assistance should be withheld unless a credible transition to democracy is underway; (2) assistance should be provided on a step-by-step basis in response to specific actions by the Haitian Government to foster a free and democratic society; and (3) regular and sustained assistance should be provided once a civilian, elected government is in power, the armed forces are abiding by the Constitution, and steps are being taken to assure observance of human rights. Prohibits the provision of assistance to Haiti unless Haiti has embarked upon a credible transition to democracy. Exempts specified assistance from such prohibition. Makes available development, economic support, anti-terrorism, and Inter-American Foundation assistance to Haiti for FY 1991 if such conditions are met.

Urges the Secretary of State to enter into negotiations with Panama and the Pan American Health Organization to assure a satisfactory transition of control of the Gorgas Memorial Institute of Tropical and Preventive Medicine to the Pan American Health Organization. Authorizes appropriations to the Pan American Health Organization for the Institute.

Designates specified sections of this Act as the "Mickey Leland African and Caribbean Development Act of 1990."

Authorizes appropriations for the Development Fund for Africa. Earmarks a specified amount of such funds for SADCC projects and for assistance to Namibia. Waives provisions of law which prohibit assistance to countries in default on loan repayments to the United States with respect to such assistance.

Urges the President to use diplomatic means to protect the security of SADCC projects and urges the South African Government to respect the territorial integrity of SADCC states and refrain from military aggression across its borders.

Amends the African Development Foundation Act to authorize appropriations for the African Development Foundation for FY 1991.

Amends the International Cooperation Act of 1989 to lower the ceiling on the amount of foreign military financing for Guatemala. Conditions the provision of such financing on human rights and political crime investigations by the Guatemalan Government.

Permits the President to release nongovernmental organizations from loan repayment commitments under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to prohibit funds from being denied to grant or contract applicants because of the voluntary reproductive care services or information they provide with other funding, subject to certain restrictions and statutory prohibitions against using funds for abortion.

Title VI: Peace Corps - Amends the Peace Corps Act to authorize appropriations for the Peace Corps for FY 1991 through 1993.

Title VII: Department of State - Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 to increase the amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State for FY 1991 for specified administration of foreign affairs and international organizations and conferences accounts. Earmarks a specified amount of foreign affairs assistance for the U.S. diplomatic and consular mission in Apia, Western Samoa.

Makes available funds for the U.S. assessed contributions to international organizations (subject to limitations) for prior years.

Authorizes appropriations for the construction of the U.S. embassy and related facilities in Moscow. Prohibits the Soviet Union from occupying any chancery building in Washington, D.C., until the U.S. embassy in Moscow is ready for occupancy.

Expresses the sense of the Congress that the U.S. observer to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization should remain in Paris, France.

Repeals a provision of the Arms Export Control Act concerning the crediting of munitions control registration fees to a Department of State account.

Title VIII: United States Informational, Educational, and Cultural Programs - Amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 to decrease the amount authorized to be appropriated for USIA salaries and expenses for FY 1991. Increases the amount authorized to be appropriated for USIA television and film services for FY 1991.

Makes amounts available for the Seville World's Fair available for the International Exposition in Genoa, Italy.

Increases the amounts authorized to be appropriated for FY 1991 to the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs for salaries and expenses, the Fulbright exchange program, and the international visitors program. Earmarks a specified amount of the Bureau's funds for exchange activities associated with the 1993 World University Games in Buffalo, New York.

Increases the amounts authorized to be appropriated for FY 1991 for Voice of America salaries and expenses and for radio and television broadcasting to Cuba.

Requires the USIA Director to make available to the Schomburg Center for Black Studies in New York copies of photographic works by Richard Saunders.

Title IX: United States Commission on Southern Africa - United States Commission on Southern Africa Act - Establishes the United States Commission on Southern Africa to develop skilled personnel in South Africa and Namibia, particularly in middle management business and government positions, by providing for the training of disadvantaged South Africans and Namibians in the fields of education, health care, law, and housing.

Authorizes the Commission to: (1) implement and provide funds for human resource development programs; and (2) provide scholarships and internships for appropriate study.

Prohibits Commission funds from being used to finance programs conducted by organizations financed or controlled by the Government of South Africa.

Sets forth auditing, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements.

Directs the Secretary of State to grant a specified amount to the Commission for FY 1991.

Title X: Limitations and Restrictions Concerning Trade and Other Transactions with Cuba - Prohibits the issuance of licenses for certain transactions between U.S.-controlled firms in third countries and Cuba.

Makes subject to seizure, forfeiture, and sale by the United States any vessel which: (1) enters Cuba to engage in trade more than 60 days after this Act's enactment date; and (2) within 180 days after departure from Cuba, enters the United States to engage in trade.

Authorizes the President to reduce economic support fund assistance for countries which import sugar from Cuba.

Expresses the sense of the Congress that the President should urge countries that import Cuban sugar and do not receive American assistance to import sugar from Central American or Caribbean countries with democratically-elected governments.

Amends the Trading With the Enemy Act to authorize the imposition of civil penalties for violations of such Act.

Title XI: Miscellaneous Provisions - Sets forth U.S. policy with respect to a lasting solution to the Cyprus conflict.

Requires the President to undertake negotiations with Eastern European nations and the Soviet Union to implement a strategy to facilitate the transit of Soviet emigrants, including specified religious and ethnic minorities.

Amends specified Acts to increase the amounts authorized for interparliamentary conferences with Canada and Mexico.